• psychotherapy: an interaction between a socially sanctioned clinician and someone suffering from a psychological problem, with the goal of providing support or relief from the problem
• eclectic psychotherapy: form of psychotherapy that involves drawing on techniques from different forms of therapy, depending on the client and the problem
• psychodynamic psychotherapies: explore childhood events and encourage individuals to use this understanding to develop insight into their psychological problems
• resistance: reluctance to cooperate with treatment for fear of confronting unpleasant emotional material
• transference: when the analyst begins to assume a major significance in the client's life, and the client reacts to the analyst on the basis of unconscious childhood fantasies
• interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT): a form of psychotherapy that focuses on helping clients improve current relationships
• person-centered therapy: assumes that all individuals have a tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions from the therapist
• gestalt therapy: goal of helping the client become aware of his or her thoughts, behaviors, experiences, and feelings to "own" or take responsibility for them
• behavior therapy: assumes that disordered behavior is learned and that symptom relief is achieved through changing overt, maladaptive behaviors into more constructive behvaviors
• token economy: giving clients tokens for desired behaviors, which they can later trade for rewards
• exposure therapy: involves confronting an emotion-arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the emotional response
• cognitive therapy: focus on helping a client identify and correct any distorted thinking about self, others, or the world
• cognitive restructuring: involves teaching clients to question the automatic beliefs, assumptions, and predictions that often lead to negative emotions and to replace negative thinking with more realistic and positive beliefs
• mindfulness meditation: teaches an individual to be fully present in each moment, to be aware of his/her thoughts, feelings and sensations; and to detect symptoms before they become a problem
• cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): problem focused, action oriented, client is expected to do things
• group therapy: type of therapy in which multiple participants (who often do not know one another at the outset) work on their individual problems in a group atmosphere
• antipsychotic drugs: treat schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
• psychopharmacology: study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
• antianxiety medications: drugs that help reduce a person's experience of fear or anxiety
• antidepressants: class of drugs that lift people's moods